- A+
简介
WireGuard 是一种极其简单但快速且现代的 VPN,它利用了最先进的加密技术。它的目标是比 IPsec 更快、更简单、更精简和更有用,同时避免令人头疼的问题。旨在提供比 OpenVPN 更高的性能。WireGuard 被设计为在嵌入式接口和超级计算机等上运行的通用 VPN,适用于许多不同的环境。最初仅支持 Linux 平台,现在可以进行跨平台(Windows、macOS、BSD、iOS、Android)的广泛部署。目前仍然在大力开发中,但已经被认为是业内最安全、最容易使用和最简单的 VPN 解决方案。
WireGuard 是由 贾森·多南菲尔德 (Jason Donenfeld)等人用 C
语言编写的一个开源3层网络隧道工具,被视为下一代 VPN 协议,从 2020 年 1 月开始,它已经并入了 Linux 内核的 5.6
版本,这意味着大多数 Linux 发行版的用户将拥有一个开箱即用的 WireGuard。
项目官网:https://www.wireguard.com/
Arch Wiki:https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/WireGuard
安装
如果你的内核版本 >= 5.6,就可以用上原生的 WireGuard 了,只需要安装 wireguard-tools 即可使用。
# 查看当前内核版本 uname --kernel-release
- 官方安装手册:https://www.wireguard.com/install/
- docker安装:https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxs
- 脚本一键安装:https://github.com/hwdsl2/wireguard-install/tree/master 或者 https://github.com/angristan/wireguard-install
WireGuard 优点:
- 高性能和低延迟: WireGuard 被设计成非常快速的 VPN 协议,它能够在保证安全性的同时提供卓越的性能。相比于传统的 VPN 协议,WireGuard 的连接速度更快,延迟更低,适用于对性能要求较高的应用场景。
- 现代加密: WireGuard 使用了最新的密码学技术,包括 Curve25519 曲线加密、ChaCha20 加密和Poly1305 认证,以确保数据在传输过程中的安全性和隐私保护。
- 简单易用: WireGuard 的设计理念之一是简单性。它的配置相对较少,易于理解和部署。这使得它非常适合普通用户和系统管理员使用。
- 跨平台支持: WireGuard 支持多个操作系统,包括 Linux、Windows、macOS、Android 和 iOS 等。这意味着你可以在各种设备和操作系统上使用 WireGuard 创建安全的 VPN 连接。
- 内核集成: 在 Linux 中,WireGuard 作为一个内核模块集成在操作系统中,这有助于提高性能并降低系统资源的消耗。
- 透明网络隧道: WireGuard 创建了一个透明的网络隧道,使得连接两个网络的设备可以像在同一个局域网中一样进行通信,这对于建立分布式网络非常有用。
- 开源: WireGuard 是开源项目,代码可供查看和审核。这意味着它的安全性可以经过广泛的审查来验证。
注意
- 关于深度包检测:WireGuard并不关注混淆问题。相反,混淆应该发生在WireGuard之上的一层,WireGuard专注于以简单的实现方式提供坚实的加密技术,可以在上层进行混淆操作。
- UDP协议:WireGuard默认使用UDP协议,由于TCP-over-TCP隧道的网络性能非常糟糕,WireGuard明确地不支持TCP隧道。相反,将WireGuard的UDP数据包转化为TCP是上层混淆的工作,可以由udptunnel和udp2raw等项目完成。
自定义
配置转发
PostUp = iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens160 -j MASQUERADE;iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o hklai -j MASQUERADE;iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens192 -j MASQUERADE
PostDown = iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ens160 -j MASQUERADE;iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o hklai -j MASQUERADE;iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ens192 -j MASQUERADE
WireGuard installer脚本
#!/bin/bash # Secure WireGuard server installer # https://github.com/angristan/wireguard-install RED=' 33[0;31m' ORANGE=' 33[0;33m' NC=' 33[0m' function isRoot() { if [ "${EUID}" -ne 0 ]; then echo "You need to run this script as root" exit 1 fi } function checkVirt() { if [ "$(systemd-detect-virt)" == "openvz" ]; then echo "OpenVZ is not supported" exit 1 fi if [ "$(systemd-detect-virt)" == "lxc" ]; then echo "LXC is not supported (yet)." echo "WireGuard can technically run in an LXC container," echo "but the kernel module has to be installed on the host," echo "the container has to be run with some specific parameters" echo "and only the tools need to be installed in the container." exit 1 fi } function checkOS() { # Check OS version if [[ -e /etc/debian_version ]]; then source /etc/os-release OS="${ID}" # debian or ubuntu if [[ ${ID} == "debian" || ${ID} == "raspbian" ]]; then if [[ ${VERSION_ID} -lt 10 ]]; then echo "Your version of Debian (${VERSION_ID}) is not supported. Please use Debian 10 Buster or later" exit 1 fi OS=debian # overwrite if raspbian fi elif [[ -e /etc/fedora-release ]]; then source /etc/os-release OS="${ID}" elif [[ -e /etc/centos-release ]]; then source /etc/os-release OS=centos elif [[ -e /etc/oracle-release ]]; then source /etc/os-release OS=oracle elif [[ -e /etc/arch-release ]]; then OS=arch else echo "Looks like you aren't running this installer on a Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, Oracle or Arch Linux system" exit 1 fi } function initialCheck() { isRoot checkVirt checkOS } function installQuestions() { echo "Welcome to the WireGuard installer!" echo "The git repository is available at: https://github.com/angristan/wireguard-install" echo "" echo "I need to ask you a few questions before starting the setup." echo "You can leave the default options and just press enter if you are ok with them." echo "" # Detect public IPv4 or IPv6 address and pre-fill for the user SERVER_PUB_IP=$(ip -4 addr | sed -ne 's|^.* inet ([^/]*)/.* scope global.*$|1|p' | awk '{print $1}' | head -1) if [[ -z ${SERVER_PUB_IP} ]]; then # Detect public IPv6 address SERVER_PUB_IP=$(ip -6 addr | sed -ne 's|^.* inet6 ([^/]*)/.* scope global.*$|1|p' | head -1) fi read -rp "IPv4 or IPv6 public address: " -e -i "${SERVER_PUB_IP}" SERVER_PUB_IP # Detect public interface and pre-fill for the user SERVER_NIC="$(ip -4 route ls | grep default | grep -Po '(?<=dev )(S+)' | head -1)" until [[ ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$ ]]; do read -rp "Public interface: " -e -i "${SERVER_NIC}" SERVER_PUB_NIC done until [[ ${SERVER_WG_NIC} =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$ && ${#SERVER_WG_NIC} -lt 16 ]]; do read -rp "WireGuard interface name: " -e -i wg0 SERVER_WG_NIC done until [[ ${SERVER_WG_IPV4} =~ ^([0-9]{1,3}.){3} ]]; do read -rp "Server's WireGuard IPv4: " -e -i 10.66.66.1 SERVER_WG_IPV4 done until [[ ${SERVER_WG_IPV6} =~ ^([a-f0-9]{1,4}:){3,4}: ]]; do read -rp "Server's WireGuard IPv6: " -e -i fd42:42:42::1 SERVER_WG_IPV6 done # Generate random number within private ports range RANDOM_PORT=$(shuf -i49152-65535 -n1) until [[ ${SERVER_PORT} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && [ "${SERVER_PORT}" -ge 1 ] && [ "${SERVER_PORT}" -le 65535 ]; do read -rp "Server's WireGuard port [1-65535]: " -e -i "${RANDOM_PORT}" SERVER_PORT done # Adguard DNS by default until [[ ${CLIENT_DNS_1} =~ ^((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?).){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$ ]]; do read -rp "First DNS resolver to use for the clients: " -e -i 94.140.14.14 CLIENT_DNS_1 done until [[ ${CLIENT_DNS_2} =~ ^((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?).){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$ ]]; do read -rp "Second DNS resolver to use for the clients (optional): " -e -i 94.140.15.15 CLIENT_DNS_2 if [[ ${CLIENT_DNS_2} == "" ]]; then CLIENT_DNS_2="${CLIENT_DNS_1}" fi done echo "" echo "Okay, that was all I needed. We are ready to setup your WireGuard server now." echo "You will be able to generate a client at the end of the installation." read -n1 -r -p "Press any key to continue..." } function installWireGuard() { # Run setup questions first installQuestions # Install WireGuard tools and module if [[ ${OS} == 'ubuntu' ]] || [[ ${OS} == 'debian' && ${VERSION_ID} -gt 10 ]]; then apt-get update apt-get install -y wireguard iptables resolvconf qrencode elif [[ ${OS} == 'debian' ]]; then if ! grep -rqs "^deb .* buster-backports" /etc/apt/; then echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main" >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list apt-get update fi apt update apt-get install -y iptables resolvconf qrencode apt-get install -y -t buster-backports wireguard elif [[ ${OS} == 'fedora' ]]; then if [[ ${VERSION_ID} -lt 32 ]]; then dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core dnf copr enable -y jdoss/wireguard dnf install -y wireguard-dkms fi dnf install -y wireguard-tools iptables qrencode elif [[ ${OS} == 'centos' ]]; then yum -y install epel-release elrepo-release if [[ ${VERSION_ID} -eq 7 ]]; then yum -y install yum-plugin-elrepo fi yum -y install kmod-wireguard wireguard-tools iptables qrencode elif [[ ${OS} == 'oracle' ]]; then dnf install -y oraclelinux-developer-release-el8 dnf config-manager --disable -y ol8_developer dnf config-manager --enable -y ol8_developer_UEKR6 dnf config-manager --save -y --setopt=ol8_developer_UEKR6.includepkgs='wireguard-tools*' dnf install -y wireguard-tools qrencode iptables elif [[ ${OS} == 'arch' ]]; then pacman -S --needed --noconfirm wireguard-tools qrencode fi # Make sure the directory exists (this does not seem the be the case on fedora) mkdir /etc/wireguard >/dev/null 2>&1 chmod 600 -R /etc/wireguard/ SERVER_PRIV_KEY=$(wg genkey) SERVER_PUB_KEY=$(echo "${SERVER_PRIV_KEY}" | wg pubkey) # Save WireGuard settings echo "SERVER_PUB_IP=${SERVER_PUB_IP} SERVER_PUB_NIC=${SERVER_PUB_NIC} SERVER_WG_NIC=${SERVER_WG_NIC} SERVER_WG_IPV4=${SERVER_WG_IPV4} SERVER_WG_IPV6=${SERVER_WG_IPV6} SERVER_PORT=${SERVER_PORT} SERVER_PRIV_KEY=${SERVER_PRIV_KEY} SERVER_PUB_KEY=${SERVER_PUB_KEY} CLIENT_DNS_1=${CLIENT_DNS_1} CLIENT_DNS_2=${CLIENT_DNS_2}" >/etc/wireguard/params # Add server interface echo "[Interface] Address = ${SERVER_WG_IPV4}/24,${SERVER_WG_IPV6}/64 ListenPort = ${SERVER_PORT} PrivateKey = ${SERVER_PRIV_KEY}" >"/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" if pgrep firewalld; then FIREWALLD_IPV4_ADDRESS=$(echo "${SERVER_WG_IPV4}" | cut -d"." -f1-3)".0" FIREWALLD_IPV6_ADDRESS=$(echo "${SERVER_WG_IPV6}" | sed 's/:[^:]*$/:0/') echo "PostUp = firewall-cmd --add-port ${SERVER_PORT}/udp && firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=${FIREWALLD_IPV4_ADDRESS}/24 masquerade' && firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv6 source address=${FIREWALLD_IPV6_ADDRESS}/24 masquerade' PostDown = firewall-cmd --remove-port ${SERVER_PORT}/udp && firewall-cmd --remove-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=${FIREWALLD_IPV4_ADDRESS}/24 masquerade' && firewall-cmd --remove-rich-rule='rule family=ipv6 source address=${FIREWALLD_IPV6_ADDRESS}/24 masquerade'" >>"/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" else echo "PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -o ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; iptables -A FORWARD -i ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -j MASQUERADE; ip6tables -A FORWARD -i ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -j MASQUERADE PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -o ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; iptables -D FORWARD -i ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -j MASQUERADE; ip6tables -D FORWARD -i ${SERVER_WG_NIC} -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ${SERVER_PUB_NIC} -j MASQUERADE" >>"/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" fi # Enable routing on the server echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1" >/etc/sysctl.d/wg.conf sysctl --system systemctl start "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" systemctl enable "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" newClient echo "If you want to add more clients, you simply need to run this script another time!" # Check if WireGuard is running systemctl is-active --quiet "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" WG_RUNNING=$? # WireGuard might not work if we updated the kernel. Tell the user to reboot if [[ ${WG_RUNNING} -ne 0 ]]; then echo -e "n${RED}WARNING: WireGuard does not seem to be running.${NC}" echo -e "${ORANGE}You can check if WireGuard is running with: systemctl status wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}${NC}" echo -e "${ORANGE}If you get something like "Cannot find device ${SERVER_WG_NIC}", please reboot!${NC}" fi } function newClient() { ENDPOINT="${SERVER_PUB_IP}:${SERVER_PORT}" echo "" echo "Tell me a name for the client." echo "The name must consist of alphanumeric character. It may also include an underscore or a dash and can't exceed 15 chars." until [[ ${CLIENT_NAME} =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$ && ${CLIENT_EXISTS} == '0' && ${#CLIENT_NAME} -lt 16 ]]; do read -rp "Client name: " -e CLIENT_NAME CLIENT_EXISTS=$(grep -c -E "^### Client ${CLIENT_NAME}$" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf") if [[ ${CLIENT_EXISTS} == '1' ]]; then echo "" echo "A client with the specified name was already created, please choose another name." echo "" fi done for DOT_IP in {2..254}; do DOT_EXISTS=$(grep -c "${SERVER_WG_IPV4::-1}${DOT_IP}" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf") if [[ ${DOT_EXISTS} == '0' ]]; then break fi done if [[ ${DOT_EXISTS} == '1' ]]; then echo "" echo "The subnet configured supports only 253 clients." exit 1 fi BASE_IP=$(echo "$SERVER_WG_IPV4" | awk -F '.' '{ print $1"."$2"."$3 }') until [[ ${IPV4_EXISTS} == '0' ]]; do read -rp "Client's WireGuard IPv4: ${BASE_IP}." -e -i "${DOT_IP}" DOT_IP CLIENT_WG_IPV4="${BASE_IP}.${DOT_IP}" IPV4_EXISTS=$(grep -c "$CLIENT_WG_IPV4/24" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf") if [[ ${IPV4_EXISTS} == '1' ]]; then echo "" echo "A client with the specified IPv4 was already created, please choose another IPv4." echo "" fi done BASE_IP=$(echo "$SERVER_WG_IPV6" | awk -F '::' '{ print $1 }') until [[ ${IPV6_EXISTS} == '0' ]]; do read -rp "Client's WireGuard IPv6: ${BASE_IP}::" -e -i "${DOT_IP}" DOT_IP CLIENT_WG_IPV6="${BASE_IP}::${DOT_IP}" IPV6_EXISTS=$(grep -c "${CLIENT_WG_IPV6}/64" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf") if [[ ${IPV6_EXISTS} == '1' ]]; then echo "" echo "A client with the specified IPv6 was already created, please choose another IPv6." echo "" fi done # Generate key pair for the client CLIENT_PRIV_KEY=$(wg genkey) CLIENT_PUB_KEY=$(echo "${CLIENT_PRIV_KEY}" | wg pubkey) CLIENT_PRE_SHARED_KEY=$(wg genpsk) # Home directory of the user, where the client configuration will be written if [ -e "/home/${CLIENT_NAME}" ]; then # if $1 is a user name HOME_DIR="/home/${CLIENT_NAME}" elif [ "${SUDO_USER}" ]; then # if not, use SUDO_USER if [ "${SUDO_USER}" == "root" ]; then # If running sudo as root HOME_DIR="/root" else HOME_DIR="/home/${SUDO_USER}" fi else # if not SUDO_USER, use /root HOME_DIR="/root" fi # Create client file and add the server as a peer echo "[Interface] PrivateKey = ${CLIENT_PRIV_KEY} Address = ${CLIENT_WG_IPV4}/32,${CLIENT_WG_IPV6}/128 DNS = ${CLIENT_DNS_1},${CLIENT_DNS_2} [Peer] PublicKey = ${SERVER_PUB_KEY} PresharedKey = ${CLIENT_PRE_SHARED_KEY} Endpoint = ${ENDPOINT} AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0,::/0" >>"${HOME_DIR}/${SERVER_WG_NIC}-client-${CLIENT_NAME}.conf" # Add the client as a peer to the server echo -e "n### Client ${CLIENT_NAME} [Peer] PublicKey = ${CLIENT_PUB_KEY} PresharedKey = ${CLIENT_PRE_SHARED_KEY} AllowedIPs = ${CLIENT_WG_IPV4}/32,${CLIENT_WG_IPV6}/128" >>"/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" wg syncconf "${SERVER_WG_NIC}" <(wg-quick strip "${SERVER_WG_NIC}") echo -e "nHere is your client config file as a QR Code:" qrencode -t ansiutf8 -l L <"${HOME_DIR}/${SERVER_WG_NIC}-client-${CLIENT_NAME}.conf" echo "It is also available in ${HOME_DIR}/${SERVER_WG_NIC}-client-${CLIENT_NAME}.conf" } function revokeClient() { NUMBER_OF_CLIENTS=$(grep -c -E "^### Client" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf") if [[ ${NUMBER_OF_CLIENTS} == '0' ]]; then echo "" echo "You have no existing clients!" exit 1 fi echo "" echo "Select the existing client you want to revoke" grep -E "^### Client" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" | cut -d ' ' -f 3 | nl -s ') ' until [[ ${CLIENT_NUMBER} -ge 1 && ${CLIENT_NUMBER} -le ${NUMBER_OF_CLIENTS} ]]; do if [[ ${CLIENT_NUMBER} == '1' ]]; then read -rp "Select one client [1]: " CLIENT_NUMBER else read -rp "Select one client [1-${NUMBER_OF_CLIENTS}]: " CLIENT_NUMBER fi done # match the selected number to a client name CLIENT_NAME=$(grep -E "^### Client" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" | cut -d ' ' -f 3 | sed -n "${CLIENT_NUMBER}"p) # remove [Peer] block matching $CLIENT_NAME sed -i "/^### Client ${CLIENT_NAME}$/,/^$/d" "/etc/wireguard/${SERVER_WG_NIC}.conf" # remove generated client file rm -f "${HOME}/${SERVER_WG_NIC}-client-${CLIENT_NAME}.conf" # restart wireguard to apply changes wg syncconf "${SERVER_WG_NIC}" <(wg-quick strip "${SERVER_WG_NIC}") } function uninstallWg() { echo "" read -rp "Do you really want to remove WireGuard? [y/n]: " -e -i n REMOVE if [[ $REMOVE == 'y' ]]; then checkOS systemctl stop "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" systemctl disable "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" if [[ ${OS} == 'ubuntu' ]]; then apt-get autoremove --purge -y wireguard qrencode elif [[ ${OS} == 'debian' ]]; then apt-get autoremove --purge -y wireguard qrencode elif [[ ${OS} == 'fedora' ]]; then dnf remove -y wireguard-tools qrencode if [[ ${VERSION_ID} -lt 32 ]]; then dnf remove -y wireguard-dkms dnf copr disable -y jdoss/wireguard fi dnf autoremove -y elif [[ ${OS} == 'centos' ]]; then yum -y remove kmod-wireguard wireguard-tools qrencode yum -y autoremove elif [[ ${OS} == 'oracle' ]]; then yum -y remove wireguard-tools qrencode yum -y autoremove elif [[ ${OS} == 'arch' ]]; then pacman -Rs --noconfirm wireguard-tools qrencode fi rm -rf /etc/wireguard rm -f /etc/sysctl.d/wg.conf # Reload sysctl sysctl --system # Check if WireGuard is running systemctl is-active --quiet "wg-quick@${SERVER_WG_NIC}" WG_RUNNING=$? if [[ ${WG_RUNNING} -eq 0 ]]; then echo "WireGuard failed to uninstall properly." exit 1 else echo "WireGuard uninstalled successfully." exit 0 fi else echo "" echo "Removal aborted!" fi } function manageMenu() { echo "Welcome to WireGuard-install!" echo "The git repository is available at: https://github.com/angristan/wireguard-install" echo "" echo "It looks like WireGuard is already installed." echo "" echo "What do you want to do?" echo " 1) Add a new user" echo " 2) Revoke existing user" echo " 3) Uninstall WireGuard" echo " 4) Exit" until [[ ${MENU_OPTION} =~ ^[1-4]$ ]]; do read -rp "Select an option [1-4]: " MENU_OPTION done case "${MENU_OPTION}" in 1) newClient ;; 2) revokeClient ;; 3) uninstallWg ;; 4) exit 0 ;; esac } # Check for root, virt, OS... initialCheck # Check if WireGuard is already installed and load params if [[ -e /etc/wireguard/params ]]; then source /etc/wireguard/params manageMenu else installWireGuard fi
来源知乎代码狂魔:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/447375895
来源:https://blog.starryvoid.com/archives/337.html
ISRG互联网安全研究小组
https://www.abetterinternet.org/post/radiant-award-jason-donenfeld/
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